Article 32 of the Italian Constitution:
The Republic safeguards health as a fundamental right of the individual and as a collective interest, and guarantees free medical care to the indigent. No one may be obliged to undergo particular health treatment except under the provisions of the law. The law cannot under any circumstances violate the limits imposed by respect for the human person.

WMA’s Declaration of Helsinki on Medical Ethics (2000).
The Declaration of Helsinki (DOH) was signed by all nations cherishing the ethical and deontological principles laid down therein. Though it does not form part of domestic legislation, the Italian delegates who attended the Assembly accepted and subscribed to the principles of the Declaration, including full freedom for any aware physician to prescribe treatment solely in the patient’s best interests without bureaucratic or regulatory constraints.

Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM).
EBM includes any treatment method supported by clinical literature and based on clinical expertise and findings of one or more physicians who apply it. EBM therefore derives from medical practice supported by scientific evidence.

Freedom of treatment.
Freedom of treatment is closely linked to treatment in accordance with EBM criteria and with the principles set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki on medical ethics and research.